ABC Guidance #1 References

1. Green E. Rethinking AIDS Prevention. Westport, Ct: Praeger, 2003.

2. Pisani E, Garnett GP, Grassly NC, et al. Back to basics in HIV prevention: focus on exposure. BMJ 2003;326:1384-87 (http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/326/7403/1384).

3. UNAIDS. 2004 Report of the Global AIDS Epidemic: 4th global report.

4. Pettifor AE, van der Straten A, Dunbar MS, Shiboski SC, Padian NS. Early age of first sex: a risk factor for HIV infection among women in Zimbabwe. AIDS 2004;18:1435-42.

5. Measure Evaluation. Sexual behavior, HIV and fertility trends: a comparative analysis of six countries. USAID: 2003.

6. Shelton J, Halperin D, Nantulya V, Potts M, Gayle H, Holmes K. Partner reduction is crucial for balanced "ABC" approach to HIV prevention. Brit Med J 2004;328:891-3 (http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/bmj;328/7444/891).

7. Cohen S. Beyond slogans: lessons from Uganda's experience with ABC and HIV/AIDS. Alan Guttmacher Institutue report (www.agi-usa.org/pubs/journals/gr060501.pdf).

8. Stoneburner R, Low-Beer D. Population-level HIV declines and behavioral risk avoidance in Uganda. Science 2004; 304:714-18.

9. Hearst N, Chen S. Condom promotion for AIDS prevention in the developing world: is it working? Stud Fam Plann 2004;35:39-47 (www.usp.br/nepaids/condom.pdf).

10. Weller S, Davis K. Condom effectiveness in reducing heterosexual HIV transmission. Oxford: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2002 (www.cochrane.org/cochrane/revabstr/ab003255.htm).

11. Pinkerton SD, Abramson PR, Effectiveness of condoms in preventing HIV transmission. Social Science and Medicine 1997: 44:1303-12.

12. Holmes KK, Levine R, Weaver M. Effectiveness of condoms in preventing sexually transmitted infections. Bull World Health Organ. 2004 June 82(6):454-61.

13. Kelly RJ, Gray RH, Sewankambo NK, et al. Age differences in sexual partners and risk of HIV-1 infection in rural Uganda. J Acq Immune Def Synd 2003;32:446-51.

14. Glynn et al. (2001). Why do young women have a much higher prevalence of HIV than young men? A study in Kisumu, Kenya and Ndola, Zambia. AIDS, 15(Suppl. 4):S51-60.

15. Luke N, Kurz K (2002). Cross-generational and transactional sexual relations in sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, AIDSmark. Available at www.icrw.org/docs/CrossGenSex_Report_902.pdf.

16. Wilson D. Partner reduction and the prevention of HIV/AIDS: the most effective strategies come from communities. BMJ 2004;328:848-49 (http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/328/7444/848).

17. Cates W. The "ABC to Z" approach: condoms are one element in a comprehensive approach to STI/HIV prevention. Network, Family Health Int., June 2003 (www.fhi.org/en/RH/Pubs/Network/v22_4/nt2241.htm).

18. Merson M H, Dayton J M, O'Reilly K (2000). Effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions in developing countries. AIDS, 14 (Suppl. 2):S68-84.

19. Stover J, Walker N, Garnett G P et al. (2002). Can we reverse the HIV/AIDS pandemic with an expanded response. Lancet, 360:73-77. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12114060)

20. Cote AM, Sobela F, Dzokoto A, et al. Transactional sex is the driving force in the dynamics of HIV in Accra, Ghana. AIDS 2004,18:917-25.

21. Morris M, Kretzschmar M. Concurrent partnerships and the spread of HIV. AIDS 1997;11:681-83.

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