Appendix II: References and Endnotes

¹ Mermin, J., Lule, J., Ekwaru, J.P., Downing, R., Hughes, P., Bunnell, R., Malamba, S., Ransom, R., Kaharuza, F. Coutinho, A., Kigozi, A., and Quick, R.Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis by HIV-infected person in Uganda reduces morbidity and mortality among HIV-uninfected family members. AIDS 2005, 19:1035-1042.

² Sengendo J, Nambi J. 1997. The Psychosocial Affects of Orphanhood: A Study of Orphans in Rakai district. Health Trans Rev, 7:105-124.

³ Burman S. 1996. Intergenerational family Care: Legacy of the past, implications for the future J. Southern African Studies, 22:585-598.

⁴ UNICEF, UNAIDS, USAID, 2004. Children on the Brink 2004: A joint Report on New Orphan Estimates and a Framework for Action, Washington DC, July.

⁵ UNAIDS, 2002. UNAIDS reference group improved methods and assumptions for estimation of HIV/AIDS epidemic and its impact: Recommendations of the UNAIDS Reference Group and Estimates, Modeling and Projections, AIDS; 16 W1-16.

⁶ UNICEF, UNAIDS, USAID, 2004. The Framework for the Protection, Care and Support of Orphans and Vulnerable Children, Living in a World with HIV/AIDS, July.

⁷ Hague Conference on Private International Law; 1996. International Protection of Children, Family and Property Relations, 34: Convention of 19 October 1996 on Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, Recognition, Enforcement and Co-operation in respect of Parental Responsibility and Measures for the Protection of Children. Hague. http://hcch.e-vision.nl/index_en.php?act=conventions.text&cid=70 (Accessed May 24, 2006).

⁸ UNICEF, UNAIDS, USAID, 2004. Children on the Brink.

⁹ Children on the Brink, 2004, p.12 uses ages 0-5; 6-11; 12-17.

¹⁰ Letter of March 2, 2006 addressed to Secretary of State Rice from Dr. Pamela Barnes, CEO, Elizabeth Glazer Pediatric AIDS Foundation.

¹¹ Since a standardized age grouping for USG was not found, the age categories of under 2, 2-4, 5-11, 12-17 were chosen based on the above two citations and discussions with child development experts.

¹² UNICEF, 2004. Girls, HIV/AIDS and Education. Pp 9-10.

¹³ USAID Sara Project. 2004. Orphans and Vulnerable Children: Technical Consultation?Report. Pg 22.

¹⁴ Ibid. Pp19-29.

¹⁵ UNAIDS. 2003. Fatal Vulnerabilities: Reducing the Acute Risk of HIV/AIDS Among Women and Girls. CSIS, P 4-5.

¹⁶ UNAIDS, 2004. Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic. P 40, 43, 52. http://www.unaids.org/bangkok2004/report_pdf.html

¹⁷ Ibid. 77-78.

¹⁸ Lang, Susan S. 2003. Malnutrition and Child Mortality. Human Ecology, Aug, Vol. 31 Issue 1, p 24.

¹⁹ The President?s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, OGAC, 2006. Use of Emergency Plan Funds to Address Food and Nutrition Needs of People Infected and Affected by HIV/AIDS, May. (Document under final approval prior to posting.)

²⁰ The President?s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, OGAC, 2006. Report on Food and Nutrition for People Living with HIV/AIDS, May. http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/66769.pdf.

²¹ Foster G. 2000.The capacity of the extended safety net for orphans in Africa, Psychology, Health & Medicine, Feb, 5:1: 55-63

²² Powell, G.M., Morreira, S., Rudd, C. and Ngonyama, P.P. 1994. Child Welfare Policy and Practice in Zimbabwe, Study of the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Zimbabwe and the Zimbabwe Department of Social Welfare, December, published by UNICEF Zimbabwe.

²³ H. Brahmbatt, et al. 2006. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. April 1, 41:4 504-508.

²⁴ The President?s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, OGAC, 2006. Guidance for a Preventative Care Package for Children Aged 0-14 Years Old Born to HIV-Infected Mothers, April 2006. (Document under final approval prior to posting.)

²⁵ The President?s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, OGAC, 2005. Focusing on Our Future: Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric HIV/AIDS. September. http://www.pepfar.gov/progress/76868.htm.

²⁶ The President?s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, OGAC, 2005. Applying the ABC Approach to Preventing Sexually-Transmitted HIV Infections. (Document under final approval prior to posting.)

²⁷ Nhargava A., AIDS Epidemic and the Psychosocial Well-being and School Participation of Ethiopian Orphans, Psychology, Health & Medicine, August 2005, V 10:3:263-275.

²⁸ The President?s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, OGAC, 2006. Data Quality Guidelines. (Document under final approval prior to posting.)

²⁹ Ibid.

³⁰ The President?s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, OGAC, 2006. Report on Food and Nutrition for People Living with HIV/AIDS, May. http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/66769.pdf.

³¹ The President?s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, OGAC, 2006. Guidance for a Preventative Care Package for Children Aged 0-14 Years Old Born to HIV-Infected Mothers, April 2006. (Document under final approval prior to posting.)

³² The President?s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, OGAC, 2006. HIV/AIDS Palliative Care Guidance #1: An Overview of Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Care Services. February 3. (Document under final approval prior to posting.)

³³ The President?s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, OGAC, 2005. Focusing on Our Future: Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric HIV/AIDS. September. http://www.pepfar.gov/progress/76868.htm.

³⁴ The President?s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, OGAC, 2005. Applying the ABC Approach to Preventing Sexually-Transmitted HIV Infections. (Document under final approval prior to posting.)

³⁵ Bicego, G., Rutstein, S., and Johnson, K., 2003. Dimensions of the emerging orphan crisis in sub-Saharan Africa. Social Science and Medicine 56 (1235-1247).

³⁶ The President?s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, OGAC, 2006. Report on Education. March. http://www.pepfar.gov/progress/76859.htm.

OVC Guidance Home Page